In Shakespearean times love-besotted grooms pinned nosegays to their doublets and nosegays were also carried, especially by ladies, to press to the nose at highly emotional moments. Later in the Victorian era grooms plucked one perfect blossom from their brides' bouquets to pin on their lapels, which, with minor variations, is what buttonholes are about. At one time it was fashionable to pin one's buttonhole on upside down, so its blossoms would not fade too soon. The Edwardian age grooms preferred to wear aromatic, ivory-hued gardenias in their lapels as a formal elegant choice.